The Mindfulness trend was something I ignored for as long as I could. I felt sure it would require yoga pants and Birkenstocks. As it descended into the world of fridge magnets and miniature books full of quotes, I felt quietly justified that I had avoided another fad.
Professor Martin Seligman and John Tierney have gone further than avoiding Mindfulness and published an excellent piece in the New York Times called We Aren’t Built to Live in the Moment. (May 2017). They have called out mindfulness as something that is contrary to the quality that makes us human beings. The very thing that makes Homo sapiens unique and wise (sometimes) is the fact that we contemplate the future. “A more apt name for our species would be Homo Prospectus, because we thrive by considering our prospects.”
This ability to think ahead has not come to us without strings attached. Planning and thinking of the future usually lifts our spirits but it can also be the source of depression and anxiety. Nonetheless, looking into the future is a central function of our large brain and hardly any other creature is capable of thinking more than few minutes ahead.
This is a relatively new discovery. For the past century many researchers felt we were prisoners of the past and the present. Now it has been established that we learn, not just by storing static records but by continually retouching memories and imagining future possibilities. Therapists are now exploring new ways to treat depression by confronting a patient’s skewed visions of what lies ahead.
Where did mindfulness come from in the first place? Most will credit its origins to Buddhism and the idea of paying attention to the present as a path to enlightenment and a feeling of well-being. In Persian, the greeting of Haal-e Shoma Chetor (or How is your Haal?) essentially means, ‘What is the state of your heart?’ or ‘What is your heart doing at this moment?’ In English, we might suggest that a friend learn to ‘stop and smell the roses.’ Talking someone down out of an anxiety attack is effectively managed by getting them to breathe out and focus on some little things around them – even if that means helping them describe the pattern on the carpet. Mindfulness is as good a term to wrap up this advice as any other. The ‘Put That Damn Phone Away ‘Movement was never really going to take off, though it might reduce a lot of our anxiety if we did just that.
In practice, mindfulness encourages us to focus on our breathing and pay non-judgmental attention to where our mind wanders. There is respectable evidence that mindfulness therapies have been helpful in reducing symptoms of depression, stress and anxiety and has been useful in the treatment of problems such as weight management and insomnia. And if something has a positive impact on solving the problems of other human beings without hurting anyone else, then why should we mind?
Seligman and Tierney’s article simply warns us that mindfulness may not be an effective therapy for many. It may even work against our instinctive self by focusing on the present, when the mind is hard-wired to look ahead. And for those of us who can only meditate for ten seconds without thinking about what’s in the fridge or what’s next on the To Do List, this comes as something of a relief.
Cartoon Image credited to Gary Larson.
Dennett on types of consciousness. Bacteria are Darwinian. All the R&D is done by evolution. The individual does nothing. Pigeons are Skinnerian. They have curiosity and a learned response to their individual reinforcement, positive and negative. They still put their drumsticks on the line with each decision. Foxes, elephants etc are Popperian. They can actually generate hypotheses and test them in some way in the skull, without risking their lives. Humans, probably exclusively, are Gregorian. “How can I learn to think better about what to think about …”. It’s interesting stuff, and he freely admits there are lots of unexplained hypotheses. His other catch phrase is “Competence without comprehension”, to describe a lot of consciousness, in other animals, and indeed in humans.
So, is mindfulness a sort of self mutilation? Reading Wikipedia , and the erudite Buddhist debate including 2 component and 5 aggregate models, suggests it’s not a quick fix. Either for escaping the world (presumably the Budd’s original idea), or coping better in it (the modern psych stripped down version).
Food for thought, and thought for food, soon!
I don’t see mindfulness and future-gazing as being mutually exclusive: we have the ability to have a foot in each camp in my view, in fact need to experience a bit of both to keep our sanity: too much serenity can bring boredom; and too much future-planning can leave us overwhelmed and dissatisfied with our daily lives if taken to the extreme. The balance of both with each other may also be an age-related need. As we become older and more settled, in some cases perhaps mindfulness is a natural progression? A resignation of some kind?
My observations of nature close at hand, lead me to believe that we are not the only species to plan ahead, or have a memory we can draw on to benefit those future plans or ideas: you only have to watch a raven store food in a callitris tree, or magpies run towards a source of tit-bits despite a long absence, to know many species experience mindfulness and have the ability to plan.
Mindfulness allows us to pause and take stock; planning gives us purpose and direction. We all need both to survive. Getting the balance is the challenge.
The Seligman article did mention the fact that squirrels store nuts etc but suggested this is now believed to be instinctive. How do they know? I know not. Interesting thoughts, Lynda.
Their retrieval rate, of memory of storage sites, and thus nuts, is said to be quite low. I think, on very shaky ground not having read any of the articles, that “it’s just instinct ” might be a version of the ” Competence without comprehension.” catch phrase.